This module summarizes current thinking and research on the treatment of clinical disorders. We begin by reviewing the pros and cons of the medical model – which states that clinical disorders have the same status as physical illnesses. We then discuss chemical interventions for clinical disorders, including the fact that chemical interventions work better for some people than for others and for some disorders rather than others. Next, we discuss several broad classes of psychotherapy, including psychoanalytic, behavioural, cognitive behavioural, and eclectic psychotherapy. In a supplemental section, we discuss emerging interventions for clinical disorders – such as deep-brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).