ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an in-depth review of the logic and empirical evidence supporting the three-step JRNA process. First, due to its emphasis on the use of risk and need assessment to inform justice system decisions and improve correctional effectiveness, the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) framework is described. Then, using the RNR framework as its foundation, a logic model explaining how the components of JRNA are carried out in practice is presented. This model identifies the expected inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of JRNA when implemented optimally. One key element of any logic model is the external circumstances, or context, within which the program operates. This element is often overlooked in implementation and evaluation studies of JRNA, although the environment in which JRNA is embedded determines how successful an agency is at carrying out the logic model. Therefore, the final section of this chapter considers the ways in which specific aspects of the environment (e.g., fidelity, staff characteristics, and support for JRNA) may impact JRNA effectiveness.
