ABSTRACT
In this chapter, I present the findings from interviews conducted with women in Jamaica. Women removed there faced precarious lives. They were labelled, stigmatised, and shunned by society and as a result it was difficult for women to find employment and to support themselves and their children. Their sense of self-worth suffered under these conditions. Women who had been removed after substantial time in the UK, under immigration powers, found their lives made more difficult by immigration enforcement practices that led to the loss of their possessions before removal. Alternatively, those who had spent time in prison were helped to return with the means to hide their status as returned citizens, bringing into question the relative pains of administrative removal vs deportation after time in prison.
