ABSTRACT
This chapter relates specifically to a particular group of migrants, involuntary migrants who are recognized or undergoing processes to become recognized refugees, detailing the reasons for their predicament and providing up-to-date statistically detailed data on the dimensions of this issue. Refugees have existed since time immemorial when rulers and governments had driven their fellow human beings into flight and invaders displaced native populations in order to occupy their land and civilians flee combat zones. In addition, the legal status of many of the families is unclear, as not all of them are defined as refugee families. Refugees naturally flow into neighboring countries and the conflicts of the last two decades have taken place in Africa, Asia and especially the Middle East. It is difficult to collect regular, reliable and disaggregated education statistics on refugees, and thus education indicators for this sub-group are difficult to estimate.
