The Afterword presents the conclusions of the research undertaken by the author in order to understand the specificities and social underpinnings of Kerala’s traditional medical culture and the way hereditary physicians negotiated modernity. It recapitulates the diverse components, such as patients, assistants, medicines, students, publications, associations, caste affiliations, religion and beliefs that constitute the social space of Kerala’s hereditary physicians. It reviews the influence of societal changes on Ayurvedic practice and the consequence of the paradigm shift Ayurveda underwent after its transmission and practice were standardised according biomedical norms. While many hereditary lineages disappeared, physicians who continued practising were obliged to comply with new rules and modify their practices. From the viewpoint of the hereditary physicians, modern Ayurveda had dismantled classical Ayurveda’s innate approach to life, health, disease and therapy. The recent burgeoning of Ayurveda centres catering to tourists where simplified versions of therapy spiced with Yoga, meditation, Hindu philosophy and a smattering of New Age ideas was a further sign for many traditional practitioners that their kind of medical practice had lost its legitimacy and that they had been displaced.