ABSTRACT

Rome’s relations with the provinces began to decline, while in Rome itself mob-rule began to shake the integrity of the magistrates. Free issues of grain to the mob paved the way to political power, while the appetite for grand shows led to the construction, not only in Rome but throughout the provinces, of massive amphitheatres and extensive circuses whose ruined splendour even stands witness to both the might and depravity of Rome’s historical contribution. Despite the continuing success of her armies Rome seemed to be losing her administrative grip. Gaul and Britain, Pompey, left to deal with anarchy in Rome, found himself in a favourable position to grasp power. Caesar Augustus claimed that he had handed the power back to the Republic, but he continued to stand firmly in the wings, exercising his influence all the time and ready to act if matters began to go badly on the stage.