ABSTRACT
The family is a consistent predictor of youth violence. The adoption of certain family management strategies and parenting practices contributes to the amount and type of exposure to violence youth experience. Parenting practices also inform protective and risk factors associated with youth engagement in violence. Parents and primary caregivers (e.g., grandparents, extended family) actively engage in different degrees of guardianship whereby they decide how to enlist techniques of direct supervision and monitoring of behavior. Such parenting practices focus on the oversight of youth behavior and expectations within the home, such as helping children with their homework and disciplinary style. This is the traditional approach of criminological literature. These applications, however, neglect the family management strategies parents enact indirectly to provide supervision over youth while they are away from home. There is a need to collectively examine how parents use in-home time and whether they engage in indirect guardianship by limiting the amount of time youth spend away from home. Parenting practices established to manage youths’ time within the home and away from the home differentially influence youth exposure to violence in the community and their engagement in violent behaviors.
