ABSTRACT
A substantial portion of the difficulties in PUSH/Excel arose from the type of leadership exerted by Rev Jackson, both from the nature of charismatic leadership in general and from Jackson's charisma in particular. A substantial portion of the difficulties in PUSH/Excel arose from the type of leadership exerted by Jackson, both from the nature of charismatic leadership in general and from Jackson's charisma in particular. Jackson's PUSH/Excel program was based upon the revivalist notion. Students were to master self-discipline, with the help of their parents, teachers, and preachers, and through this self-discipline, they would be delivered from their indulgent selves and be reborn as upwardly mobile members of society. In order for charismatic leaders to arise, there must be a crisis situation, potential followers in distress, an aspiring leader, and a doctrine promising deliverance. The extraordinary quality of charismatic leaders, according to this view, is derived from their perceived contact with this ordering power, or vital force.
