ABSTRACT
Technology is a combination of knowledge, techniques and concepts; it is tools, machines, and factories. It involves people, both as individuals — creators, inventors, entrepreneurs — and as society. Perhaps one of the greatest wrongs in the misguided lexicon of international development is the expression 'transfer of technology'. Technology has been 'transferred' through trade and migration, through art and through religion. Trade is one of the oldest and most common means by which technology has migrated. Warfare has contributed immensely to another important facet of the development and diffusion of technology: organization. New technologies in the Middle Ages demanded that military organization extend beyond short-term battlefield strategies into permanent government structures and systems. Improvements in technology both encouraged and flowed from better organization. Organization develops within the context of institutions: religious institutions, educational institutions, government, industry, trade unions, the modern corporation.
