ABSTRACT
Australian colonialism in Papua New Guinea was administered initially under a League of Nations mandate and, after World War II, under a United Nations Trust Territory arrangement. The Australian colonial regime was above all, administrative in structure and purpose. The Administration, adopting the economic way of thinking of the period, usually favoured development in Papua New Guinea which was complementary to Australia's stage of industrial development. The development of the commercial coffee industry in Papua New Guinea Highlands was from the beginning marked by the same distinctive historical circumstances as foreign penetration of the Highlands itself. The wording of Article 67 does not make clear in what manner the dependent territory's exports are tied to the metropolitan country's imports. The smallholders who began growing coffee in the 1950s in the Highlands were not producing commodities for sale in a market in the period before penetration.
