ABSTRACT
The Yugoslav communists began resistance in Serbia and in Montenegro, after the German invasion of Russia. In Western Europe powerful resistance movements developed in France and Italy, in which communists played an important part. The communists favoured maximum armed resistance at once, with maximum participation of the civil population. The most impressive resistance movement in South-East Asia, which fought longest and hardest, was in Malaya. The Malayan communists were almost exclusively Chinese. In Burma, Indonesia and the Philippines the communists achieved much less, but even the small resistance effort they did make gave them valuable practice in insurrection, and helped them to create some cadres. Japanese occupation had provoked some armed resistance by the peoples of South-East Asia, and this had given the small communist groups that had existed before Japanese invasion a chance to make propaganda, to build cadres, and to acquire prestige.
