ABSTRACT
In Japan in the 1930's militarism and imperialism were the most attractive ideologies: communism is stronger. In Egypt a combination of technical modernism and Moslem traditionalism still seems to appeal more strongly than communism to the intelligentsia. The victories of communism have been won as a result of certain political and social conditions. In countries of advanced societies, the social group in which the communists make most converts is certainly the working class. The social tensions were not less acute than in the Soviet Union, but they were of another kind. Communists have succeeded when Soviet military force was available to support them, and have failed when anti-communist or non-communist military force was present in overwhelming strength. The greater power of European governments to prevent revolutions in the twentieth century, as compared with the nineteenth, has often been explained in terms of the perfection of modern weapons.
