ABSTRACT
The culture of modern Europe reached its apogee in the period around the 1848 revolution. In the cultural sphere as a whole the most important transition from the early modern to the late modern period in Europe was the shift from the dominance of religion and its theoretical arm, theology, towards secular concerns most frequently focused on politics. The term Modernism is usually reserved for revolutionary developments in the arts in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A scientific representation is a special kind of model of some aspect of reality that is different from any other kind of representation. The problem of Quantum Theory was coextensive with a more general crisis of culture. In retrospect it is apparent that a kind of subterranean earthquake struck European culture shortly after the First World War with its historic center in the period of the late 1920s and early 1930s and its political epicentre in the Germany of the Weimar Republic.
