ABSTRACT
The Fulani leaders determined once more to reunite their armies and assembled at Farin Tabki near Tofa in the Yolawa homelands after some months of desultory campaigning. The Alkali Usuman was also regarded as a traitor by those local Hausa who resented the Fulani attack and conquest, and who discredited its ideological justifications as a subterfuge that failed to mask the crude secular motives and interests of the jihadis. The Alkali Usuman was thus dependent on his Fulani colleagues for their support in his collegial role and public position. This dependence increased his utility to the inner group of ruling Fulani. In others, the public recognition of categorical criteria, boundaries and contrasts was almost immediate; and though their formal differentiations proceeded over several years, differences of substance were clear from the beginning. In Kano the leaders of the jihad, on entering the city, rejected Hausa titles and official positions as equally inconsistent with their collegial relations.
