ABSTRACT
The study of empirical sequences of change requires both deductive and inductive methods of study, while the alternative approach relies primarily on deduction in constructing the framework of discourse as a general theory or set of models for the subject matter. However, their utility can only be assessed by applying them to the analysis of adequately documented sequences of empirical change; and any analysis of such empirical sequences requires some logico-deductive constructs or models as a guide. Excluding the emirship, the rest of the government did not fare so well from gunduma. Most important offices in the traditional polity previously enjoyed territorial jurisdictions and tax-collecting powers. In like fashion, gunduma reduced the scope of the Kano government—other than the chief—by exposing its officialdom to active and direct British surveillance on the one hand, and by redefining more narrowly the powers of hakimai as tax collectors and territorial administrators on the other.
