North Africa

The North African War engulfed the entire Maghreb, including Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and the Western Sahara beginning in 1952 and ending upon Algerian independence in 1962. International armed conflict began within Tunisia in January 1952 and engulfed nearly all of French and Spanish North Africa. The North African War continued until 1962 primarily due to conflict within the French colony of Algeria. Morocco publicly claimed Spanish North African territories in 1963. On November 6-9 Morocco directed a "Green March" involving as many as several hundred thousand civilians within the Spanish Sahara area. Border dispute between Morocco and Algeria provoked low-intensity armed conflict in 1962 which resulted in Algerian control of a disputed area in the Sahara including Hassi-Beida and Tindouf. Moroccan auxiliary paramilitary units again occupied Hassi-Beida and Tindouf in September 1963. Algerian army units forcibly expelled Moroccan presence October 8.