ABSTRACT
The Haitian bourgeoisie emerged from the US occupation without any clear vision or program of economic development other than opening the country to greater foreign capital investments and continuing the production of raw materials or agricultural crops for export. Estime's election was seen as a victory for the black nationalist forces against the mulatto bourgeoisie. Since this so-called Estimist "revolution" was crucial for the future of Haitian politics and the balance of forces among the mulatto bourgeoisie and the black bourgeoisie and middle class, attention should be paid to the social forces at work at that historic juncture. The repayment of the US loan of 1922 led to the withdrawal of the US financial adviser and the Haitianization of the national bank. The leftist National Union of Haitian Students was crushed, and faculty and students were chosen on the basis of loyalty to the president.
