ABSTRACT
This chapter examines some of the larger social conditions which are necessary for science and technology development in the Third World. There are many social conditions and social institutions such as nationalism, state, bureaucracy, militarism, law, family, socialization, religion, philosophy, literature, and language which effect science and technology development in multiple ways. The chapter also focuses on the role of the state, bureaucracy, and cities and regions in the development of science and technology in the Third World. Science-society relationships are probably one of the oldest problems in literature about science studies. The nature of the internal social structure of science in modern society was first cogently outlined by R. K. Merton. Merton, however, claimed that the growth of the internal social structure of science is dependent on external social conditions. Science-society relations in modern society received a new analytical treatment at the hands of a group of European scholars of meta-science.
