ABSTRACT
The creation of a "new man" has been an important aspect of official ideology since the 1961 Party Program. As described in Soviet writings, the new man has been developed through Soviet educational, cultural, and political policies. He is the product of a Marxist-Leninist upbringing that has altered his formerly nationalist impulses and created in him a deep concern for the international community. Karl Marx would probably have thought the question superfluous, since he believed that workers' attitudes towards labor would inevitably change during the evolution of communist society in which man would fulfill himself through labor. In connection with the overall reform effort designed to overcome the economic stagnation of the Khrushchev period and to reverse declining economic growth rates, material incentives in the form of wage bonuses introduced in 1965-1967 had two distinct purposes. In industry, bonuses were directed toward the goal of mobilizing labor force reserves and stimulating concern for quality.
