ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we further refine our understanding of democracy by logically combining the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of democracy into four subcategories: the scope and scale of institutional democracy, and the scope and scale of liberal democracy. From here, we develop measures that reflect the intrinsic nature of each of these four primary properties of democracy: competitiveness of political participation (reflecting the scope of institutional democracy); political rights (reflecting the scale of institutional democracy); regulation of political participation (the scope of liberal democracy); and civil liberties (reflecting the intrinsic property of the scale of liberal democracy).
