ABSTRACT
Fighting in the Vendee broke out in 1793 and, after some initial setbacks; the Vendean army was defeated with relative ease by the forces of the Republic. The Spanish war against the French not only produced the term guerrilla but remained for many years the guerrilla war par excellence. Napoleon had badly misjudged the situation, assuming that with the defeat of the Spanish regular armies the war in the peninsula would come to a speedy end. But popular resistance continued and tied down substantial French forces. The year that guerrilla warfare broke out in Spain witnessed a rebellion similar in character, though less successful, in central Europe. Austria had been defeated by Napoleon, but Andreas Hofer and the peasants of the Tyrol continued to resist the invaders. By the terms of the peace treaty, their land had ceased to be part of Austria and become Bavarian territory.
