ABSTRACT
Blacks were excluded as delegates in a few states and largely ignored in many others in 1960, and caucuses were often private affairs. In 1960, those people who ran for delegate posts wanted to run, and they won if they managed to get enough votes or the nod of the key figures, whatever was required in the respective bailiwicks. Delegates were selected by local and state party constituencies that had never heard of affirmative action. Delegates that numerous organizations send to conventions, which to some degree are legislative bodies, are generally there to be representative of the local body or constituency that sent them. Most conscientious representatives take into account the desires of the constituency and their own view of the broader society they also represent as members of the governing body. Such representatives can be and frequently are bombarded by their constituents when some issue of interest is up for a vote.
