ABSTRACT
In 2019, global leadership of climate change governance shifted back to the Group of twenty countries (G20), when the Osaka Summit hosted by Japan's Shinzo Abe on June 28–29 produced a significant success. The Group of Seven countries summit, seven weeks later, in Biarritz, France, on August 24–26, added only a small performance. The third One Planet Summit in Nairobi, Kenya, on March 14, and a special climate summit at the United Nations in New York in September, also added small advances. The 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on December 1–12 in Madrid had a small performance too. This shift to G20 leadership and the small performance of all the other bodies were partly caused by changing capabilities in G20 members, where the globally predominant source of the climate crisis and the capabilities required to respond grew, especially in China and India.
