This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a roadmap of the most important discoveries in how learning happens and a set of provocations teachers can use to make sense of them in their own world. It explains why the work is so important or ground-breaking and describes how our brains work and what that means for learning and teaching. Like most things, good teaching is ultimately an art that is informed by science – both anticipate the future and acknowledge the past. Any serious exploration of how learning happens will encompass those early frontiersmen like Albert Bandura and Herbert Simon as much as it will attend to the work of latter-day pioneers such as John Hattie and Dylan Wiliam.