ABSTRACT
After World War II the modern “scientific” era began, based upon the coalition between psychiatry, neuroscience, and psychopharmacology codified in the DSM, a manual of diagnostic labels created by committee judgments of what society considers abnormal. These so-called modern scientific understandings are based on the same premise of genetic defect that has never been substantiated by neuroscientific evidence. Although psychoanalysis is based on the premise that mind is a meaningful product of early interpersonal relationships, Freud’s beliefs have had a profound effect on subsequent psychoanalytic theorists leading to the generally accepted conclusion that the psychoses are beyond the scope of psychoanalysis and are best dealt with by medical practitioners and therapies.
