ABSTRACT
A judge of an organized body is a man appointed by that body to determine duties and the corresponding rights upon the application of persons claiming those rights. A judge's usual function is to determine controversies between parties, of which parties the State, or other organized body, whose judge he is, may be one. There may sometimes be a difference of opinion between the courts of the same political or other organization. A permanent difference of opinion between courts of the same organized body is usually prevented by the fact that, in most organizations having several courts or judges, there is a supreme appellate tribunal, to which all the other courts are subordinate. In a nominal autocracy, the real rulers may be a number of court favorites or the priests of a religion, and in a democracy, the real ruler may be a demagogue or political boss.
