ABSTRACT
Planning for adversity often relies on traditional, probabilistic risk management. The risk management process involves identifying aleatoric uncertainty that might threaten the delivery of the project and finding ways to reduce or neutralise them. Planning provides clear benefits to project management, but planning can also be detrimental if not implemented properly. Project managers tend to be optimistic. Project management rigidity is very useful when it comes to imposing stability and discipline. Automation bias is a cognitive bias that has emerged relatively recently. It is prevalent where automated decision-making tools operate in conjunction with human decision-making. Preparing for uncertainty is a leap of faith. One crucial aspect necessary in preparing for epistemic uncertainty is the creation of social redundancy: establishing a wide set of skills and capabilities across the project team that can be focused on any problem that might arise.
