ABSTRACT
The authors utilize specific background knowledge within cognitive psychology and neuroscience to characterize the phenomenon of nondeclarative memory; e.g., the forms of memory that lie outside of the conscious access of individuals. The authors begin by discussing the various forms of nondeclarative memory, as well as how they are learned. They then show how each form of nondeclarative memory either implicitly or explicitly serves as an underlying phenomenon within social learning, social control, and general strain theories. The authors conclude by discussing how the integration of background knowledge related to nondeclarative memory facilitates scientific progress in all three criminological theories.
