ABSTRACT
A classical interpretation of Marxist theory as an essentially optimistic view of the world and of its economic and political future is presented. Marxism’s critique of capitalism shows it to be an expanding, globalising system. A classical interpretation also focuses on the historically combative nature of Marxism and of its goal to challenge and displace capitalism. However, ideological dislocation developed in Marxist thought throughout the 20th century which drew into question the relevance of Marxism as a means of opposing capitalism.
Marxist crisis developed, in part, from early attempts to ‘improve’ or ‘revise’ Marxist theory. Much of the later disputation and conflict within Marxism echo these early polemics – the question of whether a reformist or revolutionary path ought to be followed. The rapidly developing theoretical shifts that occurred between the wars when Marxism appeared to be in serious retreat are examined. This leads to a consideration of the post-war ‘golden age’ of capitalism and of a continued shift away from core Marxist values – of the primacy of the working class and fundamental issues of class and economy.
