ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses Eastern Europe comprises Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Yugoslavia broke with Moscow in 1948, but it was not until ten years later that exchanges with the United States began, with Ford Foundation fellowships, as in the case of Poland. Hungary should have been an active exchange partner of the United States in the late 1950s. The “Polish October” revolution in 1956 ended the rule of a Stalinist regime and brought to power a national communist government that, while remaining allied with the Soviet Union and following it completely in international affairs, demonstrated a surprising degree of independence in its domestic affairs. In 1960, two years after signature of the first US-USSR cultural agreement, Romania made its move to establish cultural exchanges with the United States and, like the Soviets; it chose to do so through an intergovernmental agreement.
