ABSTRACT
The innominate veins run in front of the respective arteries and meet behind the right side of the manubrium stemi to form the SVC. The subclavian arteries lie behind the innominate and subclavian veins and are crossed by the scalenus anterior muscles, which divide the arteries into three parts. The vagi and phrenic nerves lie in front of the subclavian arteries and behind the great veins, the phrenics being more lateral. Many cervical nodes that are enlarged are readily palpated. Lower cervical nodes are most frequently enlarged with intra-thoracic tumours, but higher ones may also be enlarged. Enlarged cervical nodes should always be examined with ultrasound, as they may contain abscesses, which sometimes may be very large. Larvngocoeles are dilatations of the laryngeal saccule - a narrow blind pouch arising from the anterior end of the laryngeal ventricle.
