IV(iv), ii6(°6), and ii (4̂ and 2̂ in the Bass)

The chords IV and ii are grouped together in this module because they have two scale degrees in common (4̂ and 6̂), and therefore sound very much alike. The I chord is Tonic, the ever-present point of reference. The V chord serves as a convincing leading chord, different from and always pointing back to the Tonic. IV and ii are the third pillar of diatonic harmony and most commonly function as pre-dominant chords—that is, chords that encourage us to anticipate the dominant chord that is likely to follow.