ABSTRACT
Initially, the topic of drawing was associated with artists as a part of their professional training or with amateurs who wanted to sketch for pleasure. Rafael Carduso usefully sees the development of drawing in the nineteenth century in five ways. Firstly, drawing as a form of knowledge. Secondly, as learning the coordination between hand and eye. Thirdly, developing the links between drawing and writing, then seeing drawing as a universal language, and finally, considering drawing as an expression of intellect and refinement. Hamerton more simply divides drawing into the artistic and the useful. Philip Gilbert Hamerton (1834–1894) was a British artist, art critic, and author. He was particularly interested in contemporary printmaking and most of his publications concern the graphic arts. The Graphic Arts are equally capable of expressing two opposite states of the human mind – the positive and the artistic.
