ABSTRACT
Instrumental communication comprises various devices in the rural and urban areas of Africa, which serve as accompaniment in music, song and dance as well as used for the dissemination of messages.1 For instance, the Nyamagbe club or Ekang of the Nnam from South-South Nigeria went to the house of an accused person for law enforcement purposes with instruments such as two skin drums and a gong while the horn man or bellman was a palace messenger among the Yorubas.2 These devices also serve ritual and religious purposes. This is because African music is not just contemplative but also functional; the latter being that it is “music drawn from ritual, work, or play [and] is externally motivated.”3
