ABSTRACT
Iron-hull ships and mechanical propulsion were major improvements in shipping technology. The main UN specialised agency for maritime matters is the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Its structure and decision-making procedures are complex. Safety of life at sea (SOLAS) and marine pollution (MARPOL) are major areas now dealt with internationally. Steps were first taken as to SOLAS in 1914 following the loss of the S.S. Titanic when specifications were agreed as to ship architecture and construction, safety provision on board and the use of radio, but war intervened and the matter was not returned to until 1929. Now, through the IMO, there is a complex of relevant treaty provisions and recommendations. The IMO Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), a swift response to recent developments in radio, relies partially on satellite technology. The Long-Range Identification and Tracking of ships (LRIT) is another technology-based security system. General concern over pollution arose after the Second World War and is now dealt with by a variety of measures within the umbrella of MARPOL. The main output of the IMO is in treaty form. Compliance is optional, but many treaties and recommendations are fully observed by the maritime-active nations.
