ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses community organizing models and frameworks focusing on classic models, such as Rothman's three modes. It introduces Momentum's hybrid approach that merges structure-based organizing with mass protest. The chapter goes on to frame two major spectrums of organizing, namely utilitarian and transformative. The utilitarian tradition, which favors externally focused, reform-oriented approaches, goal-directed campaigns, and winnable victories, is rooted in the work of Saul Alinsky. The transformative approach identifies a need to address the internal and interpersonal aspects of oppression as it seeks to radically change and dismantle structures of oppression. This approach emphasizes process-oriented ways of working as it attends to historical trauma, intersectionality, and healing justice. The chapter elucidates the transformative tradition through a focus on Myles Horton and the Highlander Center, Paulo Freire's critical education work, lessons from feminist organizing, and the power of reconciliation and restorative justice practices. The chapter encourages reflection and analysis of the frameworks as pathways of innovation and possibility.
