ABSTRACT
Theories of economic development and their influences upon biological thought have a long and distinguished history. Economists in the 19th century believed that change-technological innovations – was primarily the result of random processes engaged in by individual inventors. Consequently, the attention of scholars was centered on the mechanism of selection, namely the market where competition determined the fittest - the ones most adapted to the environment. There are three basic processes that shape evolution: change, selection, and heredity. The implementation of these processes, both individually and as a set, is ordered to a varying degree, and is exemplified by the economic systems. At the microeconomic level, the problem of resource allocation between needs and development is resolved via the interests of the various individuals/groups who want to channel more resources into their own domain. General ideas associated with fundamental science are the fruits of basic research.
