ABSTRACT
Modern bourgeois society with its relations of production, of exchange and of property, a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and of exchange, is like the sorcerer, who is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world that he has called up by his, spells. Estranged labour reverses this relationship, so that it is just because man is a conscious being that he makes his life-activity, his essential being, a mere means to his existence. “Camera Obscura” is Marx’s memorable metaphoric description of ideology’s inverted relation to social reality. “Class Struggle” is from his best-known public tract, the Manifesto, in which he combined a commanding popular style with precise theoretical analysis. “The Eighteenth Brumaire,” was a popular account of the 1851 coup in Paris, and it presented Marx’s political theory through a careful, interpretation of historical events. “The Values of Commodities” is the key section from Marx’s important labor theory of value.
