ABSTRACT
Effectively to discuss the relation of industrialization, modernization, and the quality of life people must have some common understanding of the meaning of those terms, including, indeed, the term relation itself. Even countries that started from a relatively high level of education linked their industrialization to increasing education for the population. Objective indicators are those that can be ascertained and rated by an outside observer without reference to the inner states of persons presumably affected by the conditions observed. Objective indicators of sociocultural and sociopolitical conditions have been less systematically collected than the physical and material variety, partly because they are less easy to measure, but possibly also because many governments find that they raise sensitive and even embarrassing issues. Subjective indicators, as the term suggests, are accessible to us only by asking people to express an evaluation, judgment, opinion, or belief about their own condition, or the condition of others and the world around them.
