ABSTRACT
This chapter describes a historical episode from the 1930s. That episode embodies all the issues relevant to science and technology policy in the 1980s. The tarnished public image of science and technology ultimately changed the face of research in the 1930s. Politically liberal critics blamed the failures of science and technology on the financial dependence of research on private wealth and industry. Widespread disillusionment with the direction of science and technology ultimately forced leaders in science, industry, and government to ask some hard questions about policy. Logical empiricists distinguish between science and technology on the basis of the aims of those fields. The intended distinction between science and technology, made by the logical empiricists, is embodied in the United States' language and legal system. A logical empiricist philosophy of science also seems to reflect accurately the self-image of many practicing scientists, particularly of physical scientists.
