ABSTRACT
A British subject named Guglielmo Marconi, found a way to invade and exploit a part of that spectrum, using radio waves to carry communications without wires over long distances. The only man-made presence in the intangible realm took the form of feeble light sources and a few unintentional radio frequency emissions, such as those from a tiny number of electric power generators and transmission lines. There is another aspect of military exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum. Enemies can tamper with, manipulate, or surreptitiously steal information from each other's signals. Electronic warfare, or what Winston Churchill called the "Battle of the Beams," was conducted by all major powers in World War II. The Soviets, put on the defensive in every way by the Nazi attack against them in 1940, were at first quite unprepared for the intensive German electronic blitz. Some Soviet commanders were gripped by "radio fear," a phobia which sought to prevent any type of enemy radio intercepts.
