ABSTRACT
The history of mankind is filled with examples of both religious and secular leaders gathering information about a potential enemy and using it as best they could. Throughout history national leaders have gathered information about other peoples and lands to guide their decisions. The French and Indian wars in North America provide another example of the effect of intelligence on the strategy and tactics of opposing sides. The military projection of the losses that the communists would incur also proved to be correct. The lessons of Pearl Harbor arid World War II led to the conclusion that a formal structure for managing major national security affairs was needed. The phrase "departmental intelligence" is to be distinguished from the statutory reference to Central Intelligence and his agency concern with "intelligence relating to national security," a phrase that eventually was shortened simply to "national intelligence."
