ABSTRACT
The brief Spanish campaign of 1823 provided important insights into the capabilities of the French Restoration Army and a point of comparison to the new Federal Army. The relaxation in tensions between France and her continental neighbors that coincided with Saint-Cyr's resignation lessened the pressure on the Bund to complete the Federal Army project. The army moved to correct those deficiencies the campaign had identified. The effort seems to have been a sincere one. In addition to addressing such perennial problems as logistics, the army carefully examined the recruitment, training, and maintenance of its soldiers. The army's top leadership came primarily from politically reliable Napoleonic veterans and appointees of the Restoration period. The experiences of the French Army in the 1820s proved to be a microcosm of the experiences of the army for the rest of the century. The new Federal Army was organized in ten army corps, made up of contingents from all member states.
