ABSTRACT
The unique features of human parenthood, including the distinctive features of paternal and maternal roles, are also shaped by that same great fact—the unique vulnerability of their children. There is no mind-body dichotomy in human psychology, and the expanding, surgent body sends shock waves through the whole psychological system. Human cultures, whatever particular forms they might take, have a great and universal function: to provide the routine sacrifices of human parenthood with high significance and dignity. Instead, the father's role is critiqued from the discipline and methods of level two, which is sociology, or from the ideology of level three, which is humanistic psychology. Finally, fatherly beings, spiritual and supernatural in nature, stationed beyond the pragmatic community, are necessary to endorse the final passage of the male life cycle, from vigorous manhood to old age, and finally from life into death.
