ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with two vast semicircles of land mass that extend roughly from the Red Sea straits to the Strait of Malacca, and from the Great Barrier Reef to Kamchatka. The divided forces of communism in India declined through most of the period in their two main centers, Kerala and West Bengal, but the combination of mass poverty with a large supply of talented and restless intellectuals in West Bengal ensured that communism would remain a latent force. The Chinese leaders represented themselves as the champions of all true revolutionary movements and of all peoples fighting for their independence all over the world, in opposition to the hegemony of two super powers. D. Vostokov in International Affairs surveyed Chinese foreign policy since the Ninth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1969. The Japanese communist party maintained a comparatively independent posture in relation both to the Soviet Union and to China, and was viewed with mistrust by Peking.
