ABSTRACT
This chapter demonstrates that large proportion of bureau lines of communication can be generated by mapping a set defined as all members of a bureau onto a monotone transformation. Communist leadership in the USSR and PRC are exceptions; both experimented for a time with discarding rank and privilege in their armed forces, frequently a country's largest administrative hierarchy. The foreign minister is in charge of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and is responsible for the conduct of the total Indian foreign policy effort. The minister of state first came to MEA when Dr. Syed Mahmud was appointed to the office in 1954. The first deputy minister in MEA was B. V. Keskar, followed by three prominent Nehru-period deputy ministers, Anil K. Chanda, Lakshmi N. Menon and Dinesh Singh, all of whom used the post as a stepping stone to higher stations.
