Introduction

This chapter focuses on Zhao Ziyang’s publicly stated positions on various policy issues. It argues that the evolution of Zhao’s career cannot fully be understood in isolation from the larger central-provincial context. Zhao’s job as a provincial official places him at the hub of the policy process. To understand his behavior, therefore, one must be cognizant of the pressures exerted on Zhao. The chapter shows that China was largely closed to foreigners, especially social science researchers. Several studies have emphasized the importance of interpersonal relationships and patron-client networks in the Chinese political system. This is by no means unique to China, but perhaps nowhere else is it more pronounced. Politicians worldwide divide and coalesce over policy issues, and expend a great deal of energy and resources in promoting their favorite ones. China is no different in this regard.