ABSTRACT
Ports are inclined to develop new governance structures, which should be tailored to the specific local conditions in terms of culture and commercial objectives, leading to several options. In a terminal concession setting, a concession agreement is signed between, on the one hand, a private terminal operator and, on the other hand, a landlord port authority or empowered government agency. The awarding practices in many ports around the world have undergone quite some changes in recent years. Once the decision has been taken to concession the operation of a terminal, the awarding authority will have to describe the object of the concession. The port authorities will have to decide on the division of risks and investments related to the object of the concession. The port authority will have to decide the duration, fees, and fee structure before starting the awarding process. The concessioning of land to private terminal operators is a cornerstone of the landlord port authority model.
