ABSTRACT
One of the first impacts concerned the required footprint, which expanded. A large container terminal occupies a substantial area, mainly because of storage requirements, even if this storage is short term, usually three to five days. Ship turnaround times are expected to be short, and the terminal must accommodate the schedule integrity of shipping lines. The docking area is a berth where a containership can dock, with technical specifications such as length and draft. Container cranes represent the interface between the containership and the dock. Container storage represents a temporary buffer zone where containers are left while the assigned containership is available to be loaded or while waiting to be picked up for inland distribution. Port terminals are connected to their hinterlands through inland transportation modes. There are two major port container terminal configurations: conventional and automated. Terminal equipment is combined to form an integrated container terminal system.
