ABSTRACT
Brownfield port construction usually involves large-scale clean-up operations of contaminated soil and the renovation and deepening of the quay walls. It results in the rehabilitation and reuse of existing port real estate, thereby avoiding lengthy and difficult port extension procedures. The majority of port development projects were labeled greenfield, which often goes hand in hand with port migration. Terminal construction often involves an adaptation of the nautical access to guarantee a minimum nautical draft for seagoing vessels. In some ports, terminals can only be reached when seagoing vessels pass through a lock. The basic role of a berth structure is to accommodate a particular vessel or range of vessels as well as cargo handling operations. Embedded retaining walls include sheet-pile walls and in-situ concrete pile walls. Sheet pile walls are among the most commonly used types of quay walls used in port construction. Gravity walls are built behind a cofferdam in the dry and are usually constructed in situ.
